go Test测试

测试函数

测试函数必须导入testing包 。

基本格式

function TestName(t *testing.T) {}

其中参数t用于报告测试失败和附加的日志信息。 testing.T的拥有的方法如下

func (c *T) Error(args ...interface{})
func (c *T) Errorf(format string, args ...interface{})
func (c *T) Fail()
func (c *T) FailNow()
func (c *T) Failed() bool
func (c *T) Fatal(args ...interface{})
func (c *T) Fatalf(format string, args ...interface{})
func (c *T) Log(args ...interface{})
func (c *T) Logf(format string, args ...interface{})
func (c *T) Name() string
func (t *T) Parallel()
func (t *T) Run(name string, f func(t *T)) bool
func (c *T) Skip(args ...interface{})
func (c *T) SkipNow()
func (c *T) Skipf(format string, args ...interface{})
func (c *T) Skipped() bool

案例演示

main.go

package main

func Sum(a, b int) int {
	return a + b
}

sum_test.go

package main

import "testing"

func TestSum(t *testing.T)  {
   res := Sum(1, 4)
   if res != 3{
      t.Error("sum is wrong")
   } else {
      t.Log("sum is ok")
   }
}

运行go test -v

=== RUN   TestSum
    sum_test.go:10: sum is ok
--- PASS: TestSum (0.00s)
PASS
ok      _/C_/Users/???/Desktop/go/test/testing        0.042s

测试组

package main

import (
   "reflect"
   "testing"
)

func TestSum(t *testing.T)  {
   type testCase struct {
      a int
      b int
      w int
   }
   testGroup := []testCase{
      {a: 1, b: 2, w: 3},
      {a: 3, b: 2, w: 5},
      {a: 3, b: 2, w: 6},
   }

   for _, v := range testGroup{
      res := Sum(v.a, v.b)
      if !reflect.DeepEqual(res, v.w) {
         t.Error("sum is wrong")
      } else {
         t.Log("sum is ok")
      }
   }
}

=== RUN   TestSum
    sum_test.go:32: sum is ok
    sum_test.go:32: sum is ok
    sum_test.go:30: sum is wrong
--- FAIL: TestSum (0.00s)
FAIL
exit status 1
FAIL    _/C_/Users/???/Desktop/go/test/testing        0.043s

子测试

func TestSum(t *testing.T)  {
	//res := Sum(1, 4)
	//if res != 3{
	//	t.Error("sum is wrong")
	//} else {
	//	t.Log("sum is ok")
	//}

	type testCase struct {
		a int
		b int
		w int
	}
	testGroup := map[string]testCase{
		"case_1": {a: 1, b: 2, w: 3},
		"case_2": {a: 3, b: 2, w: 5},
		"case_3": {a: 3, b: 2, w: 6},
	}

	for k, v := range testGroup{
		t.Run(k, func(t *testing.T) {
			res := Sum(v.a, v.b)
			if !reflect.DeepEqual(res, v.w) {
				t.Error("sum is wrong")
			} else {
				t.Log("sum is ok")
			}
		})
	}
}

go test -run=TestSum/case_1

testing: warning: no tests to run
PASS
ok      _/C_/Users/???/Desktop/go/test/testing        0.037s

测试覆盖

Go提供内置功能来检查你的代码覆盖率 ,使用go test -cover

使用-coverprofile额外参数，将覆盖信息记录输出到文件

基准测试

main.go

package main

func Sum(a, b int) int {
	return a + b
}

sum_test.go

package main

import (
	"testing"
)

func BenchmarkSum(b *testing.B) {
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		Sum(2, 3)
	}
}

❯ go test -bench=Sum    
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: benchmark
cpu: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2689 0 @ 2.60GHz
BenchmarkSum-4          1000000000               0.4147 ns/op
PASS
ok      benchmark       0.473s

其中BenchmarkSplit-8表示对Split函数进行基准测试，数字8表示GOMAXPROCS的值，这个对于并发基准测试很重要。1000000000 和203ns/op表示每次调用Sum函数耗时0.4147ns ，这个结果是1000000000次调用的平均值。

使用 -benchmem参数。获取内存分配统计数据

❯ go test -bench=Sum -benchmem 
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: benchmark
cpu: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2689 0 @ 2.60GHz
BenchmarkSum-4          1000000000               0.4268 ns/op          0 B/op          0 allocs/op
PASS
ok      benchmark       0.491s

0 B/op 表明每次操作内存分配了0字节，0 allocs/op每次操作进行0次内存分配

性能比较

参考文章

• go